The Basilica of San Marco

The construction of the basilica begun in 1063 to house the body of St. Mark the Evangelist ( the holy master of Venice, who detonated the greek holy master Teodoro ). Is built in the shape of a Greek cross with five domes , a bulb dome in the center and 4 other smaller unequal height on the parts.The actual church is the third (after the ninth century one made by Justinian Partecipazio after the arrival in Venice of the body of St. Mark smuggled from Alexandria in a basket of vegetables and pork to escape the muslim guards , in 828 , and ,that of the tenth century , rebuilt by Peter Orsello , after a fire in 976 . ) It was completely rebuilt in the second half of the eleventh century , from the doge Domenico Contarini ( 1043-1070 ) .

The outside walls originally built to stay with exposed brick, was covered in marble and oriental columns from Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade ( 1204 ) , when also participated the Venetians. Up on the main gate you will find four bronze horses ; Greek – Alexandrian work of the IV -III century BC , and represent the four horses and chariot of San Marco.The tradition claim that the horses were manufactured in the III century in the time of Alexander the Great ; brought by Nero in Rome ,from where the emperor Constantine had placed them at the entrance of the hippodrome of Constantinople ;from where was taken as  booty  in 1204 by the Venetian Doge Dandolo.

In 1797 Napoleon had transported them to Paris and where placed on the triumphal arch untill the fall of the French empire when the horses returned to Venice.

 The church is decorated with mosaics on a gold background . The interior and all supperiore part is covvered with depictions of the Old Testament ( the Creation, the stories of Noah , Abraham, Moses , ) and the New Testament : (  Salomea ahead of Irode and his court , ” Preaching of the Apostles “, ” the Passion “, ” blessing Christ ,” “Christ and the Prophets “, ” St. John ” ) , by master mosaic Venetians who worked most of the twelfth century . The golden mosaics that decorate the upper Lunete (” the Descent” ,” the Descent from the limbo” , “the Resurrection”,” the Ignition” , and “the theft of the body of St. Mark from Alexandria and his arrival in Venice” are all remakes of seventeenth-century mosaics of the thirteenth century .

The presbytery , and the space in addition to the iconostasis , by ancient tradition reserved for the clergy during liturgical celebrations , were also the seat of Doge. The santuary contains the saint’s body and covered with green marble and alabaster supported by four columns covered with scenes of ” facts of the life of Christ”

Above the altar is placed “Pala d’oro” the work of exquisite gold jewelery , which began in Constantinople in 976 and rebuilt in Venice . The rich treasure includes pieces looting from Constantinople (15 rubies, 300 emeralds, 1500 pearls , safari ,amethyst , topaz ) and precious relics as the nail of the crucifixion , inlaid in a gold frame , representing religious scenes

The principle of division between earthly and unearthly area, typical of Byzantine buildings is very present in the Basilica of San Marco. The pieces of colored glass that make up the top of the building makes it particularly light that seeps in , giving a deliberately connotation of paradise. The lower part instead , burdened by substantial marble and the floor often represent the earthly world , where even the colorful mosaics are slightly gloomy. The special flooring within which appear different representations of animals , with clear reference to the symbolic meanings of the bestiary medieval , it ‘s irregularity due to the flooding during high tide.

http://dipoco.altervista.org/venice-basilica-san-marco-stories-reality/

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