basilica di san marco | cercodiamanti

Venice Basilica San Marco stories and reality .

Still in the 982 was called free from servitute to Sanctae Matris Ecclesiae ( “free from the bondage of Holy Mother Church ” )
At the same time , mausoleum and chapel of the Doge , and therefore with both religious and political function , the sanctuary of St. Mark, as well as the nearby church of his predecessor, Theodore, was demolished ( in 1063 ) to make way for the third and last building , the current basilica.

The new church was consecrated in 1094 , the legend said that in the same year was “miraculously discovered” in a pillar of the basilica, the body of San Marco, which has been hidden during the work , and forgotten there. ( the altar of Sacrament )

The architectural form is very close to that of the ancient Basilica of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople ( Greek cross ,surmounted by five domes ; the church was destroyed after the Ottoman conquest ) .

In the hall , the floor plane remain at the level of the square while inside the basilica is
raised up a few steps to create a sort of ascending path , carefully calculated to gradually prepare the visitor for recollection that from the noisy and distracting open space of the square, is about to enter in the temple.

To not to be stolen by the soldiers of Napoleon “the golden ball ” (palla d’oro) was hidden by a courageous Venetian citizen who holds that hidden in his house many months ;and so the only example of Gothic jewelery remained whole and save.

A stellated dodecahedron is located on the first floor of the main door entrance to the Basilica , under the iconostasis and the choir. For the sages of antiquity , it was the symbol of Venus, the planet ruler of Venice. Represents the event of the Divine in Nature . On the left side of the entrance of the Basilica, on the mosaic floor , there is a rhinoceros of uncertain date , symbol of strength .This would also be a talisman to ward off diseases.

In the central part of the basilica, under the dome , is placed a large square from blue marble once called “The sea” for the depressions that were there , due to the continuous settling of the ground .

On the ground, near the Pala d’Oro , there is a stone depicting a ducal horn and an animal, a black hedgehog. Here was buried the heart of the Doge Francesco Erizzo (1566-1646 , doge from 1631 ) . The hedgehog is a symbol of noble family membership . The rest of the remains are buried in the church of St. Martin (Castello).

Baptistery
this chapel , also called the Church of Putti , there is also the tomb of the Doge Andrea Dandolo . The altar is made by a large granite boulder from Tyre, which tradition says was the one from which Christ spoke to the crowds .

Chapel of St. Isidore
located on the bottom of the left side of the basilica. The partition wall covered in marble that separates it from the basilica corresponds to the original outer wall of the ancient church of San Teodoro ( the saint patron of the ancient Venice) .

The Zen Chapel , or the “Madonna della Scarpa”(of the shoe) was built by “order of the Signoria” in 1501 , when,the Cardinal Giambattista Zen died. In the middle of the altar is a statue of the ” Virgin and Cherub ” by Antonio Lombardo. The figure of the virgin keep in hand a golden shoe to commemorate the legend of the shoe offered as a gift to Mary from a poor faithful, who was miraculously transformed into gold.

Among the basorilievi of the arches above the entrance there appears an old man who bites his hand: it is the architect of the basilica and the legend said ,that he was relieved of his duties when he said that he would be able to build it even more beautiful .

The famous bronze horses were at the beginning gilded of gold and silver , and were brought by the Venetians during the Fourth Crusade from the Hippodrome of Constantinople ;now they are kept in the museum inside the Basilica of San Marco . Outside are copies of the original.

The three pillars-bearer in front of the basilica once beared the flags of the territories of Candia, Cyprus and Morea conquered from Venice.

The two columns coming from the east, in the entrance to the square, in honour of the first saint patron of Venice,Saint Theodor, and the actual patron saint Mark, (which has become such after the legendary theft of the body) originally, were three, but one of them sank during the transfer from Constantinople and can’t be recovered.

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The Basilica of San Marco

The construction of the basilica begun in 1063 to house the body of St. Mark the Evangelist ( the holy master of Venice, who detonated the greek holy master Teodoro ). Is built in the shape of a Greek cross with five domes , a bulb dome in the center and 4 other smaller unequal height on the parts.The actual church is the third (after the ninth century one made by Justinian Partecipazio after the arrival in Venice of the body of St. Mark smuggled from Alexandria in a basket of vegetables and pork to escape the muslim guards , in 828 , and ,that of the tenth century , rebuilt by Peter Orsello , after a fire in 976 . ) It was completely rebuilt in the second half of the eleventh century , from the doge Domenico Contarini ( 1043-1070 ) .

The outside walls originally built to stay with exposed brick, was covered in marble and oriental columns from Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade ( 1204 ) , when also participated the Venetians. Up on the main gate you will find four bronze horses ; Greek – Alexandrian work of the IV -III century BC , and represent the four horses and chariot of San Marco.The tradition claim that the horses were manufactured in the III century in the time of Alexander the Great ; brought by Nero in Rome ,from where the emperor Constantine had placed them at the entrance of the hippodrome of Constantinople ;from where was taken as booty in 1204 by the Venetian Doge Dandolo.

In 1797 Napoleon had transported them to Paris and where placed on the triumphal arch untill the fall of the French empire when the horses returned to Venice.

The church is decorated with mosaics on a gold background . The interior and all supperiore part is covvered with depictions of the Old Testament ( the Creation, the stories of Noah , Abraham, Moses , ) and the New Testament : ( Salomea ahead of Irode and his court , ” Preaching of the Apostles “, ” the Passion “, ” blessing Christ ,” “Christ and the Prophets “, ” St. John ” ) , by master mosaic Venetians who worked most of the twelfth century . The golden mosaics that decorate the upper Lunete (” the Descent” ,” the Descent from the limbo” , “the Resurrection”,” the Ignition” , and “the theft of the body of St. Mark from Alexandria and his arrival in Venice” are all remakes of seventeenth-century mosaics of the thirteenth century .

The presbytery , and the space in addition to the iconostasis , by ancient tradition reserved for the clergy during liturgical celebrations , were also the seat of Doge. The santuary contains the saint’s body and covered with green marble and alabaster supported by four columns covered with scenes of ” facts of the life of Christ”

Above the altar is placed “Pala d’oro” the work of exquisite gold jewelery , which began in Constantinople in 976 and rebuilt in Venice . The rich treasure includes pieces looting from Constantinople (15 rubies, 300 emeralds, 1500 pearls , safari ,amethyst , topaz ) and precious relics as the nail of the crucifixion , inlaid in a gold frame , representing religious scenes

The principle of division between earthly and unearthly area, typical of Byzantine buildings is very present in the Basilica of San Marco. The pieces of colored glass that make up the top of the building makes it particularly light that seeps in , giving a deliberately connotation of paradise. The lower part instead , burdened by substantial marble and the floor often represent the earthly world , where even the colorful mosaics are slightly gloomy. The special flooring within which appear different representations of animals , with clear reference to the symbolic meanings of the bestiary medieval , it ‘s irregularity due to the flooding during high tide.

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Venice San Marco Basilica stories and reality .

THE BASILICA OF SAN MARCO